Panam kalkandam is made from a sweet drink called panam panam pathaneer.This is extracted from the flower of palmera tree (panai maram).This is a kind of rock sugar.It is a crystallised sugar.Panam kalkandam is also known as Panang kalkandu, Palm Sugar Candy and rock candy in English.Lump sugar is made by tapping the sap from the inflorescence of the palm tree.Boiling it and until it becomes a syrup.Then allow to solid it.And finally made into crystals of different shapes and in different sizes.Here the sugar is dissolving in warm water until the sugar doesn’t dissolve any more.Then let it cool.

Lump sugar can lower down the body temperature , this can be used for cold.This is very effective for dry persistent cough.

kalkandu is crystallized sugar, apparently known as rock candy in English. It's generally made by dissolving sugar in warm water until it doesn't dissolve any more, then seeding it with a few crystals and letting it cool. Over the next several hours/days, the stuff will crystallize out of the solution. Panam kalkandu is the same process, except that it is done directly on the sap of a certain type of palm tree, which has a lot of sugar in it. The crystals are much smaller than you might get with cane/beet sugar. Think of it like crystallized natural unrefined sugar.